Measure Variance
Variance is the average squared distance from the mean, using the selected population or sample convention.
Formula: Population: σ² = Σ(x−μ)² ÷ N; Sample: s² = Σ(x−x̄)² ÷ (n−1)
Use exact values where the method requires them, then round only at the final step when possible. Early rounding can slightly change the displayed answer.
The formula provides a direct way to verify the result without relying on a second calculator.